Feeling low for weeks or months? Depression is common, but it’s treatable. You don’t have to guess which option to try first. This page lays out clear, practical choices—what they do, how long they take, and simple steps you can use right now.
Antidepressant medicines are often a first step. The main types are SSRIs (like sertraline, fluoxetine), SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine), bupropion, and older drugs such as tricyclics (amitriptyline) or MAOIs when needed. Most antidepressants start to help after 2–6 weeks and reach full effect by 8–12 weeks. Expect side effects at first—nausea, sleep changes, or mild agitation—and always talk to a prescriber before stopping.
Therapy works well alone or with meds. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) teaches practical skills to change negative patterns. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) focuses on relationships and roles that affect mood. Therapy progress depends on consistency: weekly sessions for 8–20 weeks are common.
For treatment-resistant cases, brain stimulation can help. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still the fastest way to reduce severe symptoms for some people. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive option with fewer cognitive side effects. Your psychiatrist can explain which fits your situation.
Start with small, concrete changes: prioritize sleep, aim for a short daily walk, and set one easy goal each day (like a 10-minute chore). These actions won’t replace professional care but they lower stress and boost mood.
Track symptoms for two weeks: note sleep, appetite, energy, and key thoughts. This helps a clinician choose the right treatment and measure progress. If you’re prescribed medication, give it a fair trial and keep a simple side-effect log to discuss at follow-up visits.
Consider combining treatments. Evidence shows meds plus therapy work better for many people than either alone. If you’ve tried several meds without improvement, ask about switching drug classes, adjusting dose, or adding therapy or TMS.
Be cautious with supplements. Omega-3s and vitamin D show mixed benefit; SAMe has some evidence but can interact with drugs. Always check with your provider before adding supplements.
Know when to get urgent help: if you have clear plans to hurt yourself, worsening withdrawal from life, or trouble caring for basic needs, contact emergency services or a crisis line immediately. If you’re unsure, call your doctor—faster contact can prevent crises.
If you want a next step today, book a primary care visit or a mental health assessment and bring your two-week symptom notes. Ask about therapy options and what to expect from any medicine recommended. Small steps and clear follow-up make a big difference.
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